Direct Indirect Speech के नियम — Reporting Verb, Tense Backshift, SON, Time Words व 50 वाक्य — SSC

संक्षिप्त उत्तर: किसी के कहे शब्दों को उन्हीं शब्दों में inverted commas (" ") के भीतर लिखना Direct Speech है और उन्हें अपने शब्दों में बदलकर बताना Indirect (Reported) Speech है। Indirect बनाते समय चार चीज़ें बदलती हैं: reporting verb (said to → told / asked / ordered / requested / exclaimed / wished), conjunction (that, if/whether, to), tense और pronoun तथा समय-स्थान के शब्द। Reporting verb past में हो तो reported speech का tense एक कदम पीछे जाता है (am → was, will → would, has done → had done, did → had done)। पर reporting verb present या future में हो, या reported speech सार्वभौमिक सत्य हो, तो tense नहीं बदलता। Pronoun SON नियम से बदलते हैं: First person → Subject के अनुसार, Second person → Object के अनुसार, Third person → No change। समय-स्थान के शब्द दूरी दिखाते हैं: now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, ago → before, here → there। प्रश्न में if/whether या wh-word लगता है और वाक्य statement के क्रम में आता है; आदेश में to + V1 या not to + V1 लगता है।

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संक्षिप्त उत्तर

वाक्य का प्रकार	Reporting verb (said to के स्थान पर)	Conjunction	उदाहरण (Indirect)
Assertive (कथन)	told (object हो तो); said (object न हो तो)	that	He told me that he was ill.
Interrogative (Yes/No)	asked, enquired of	if / whether	She asked me if I was ready.
Interrogative (Wh-)	asked, enquired of	वही wh-word	He asked me where I lived.
Imperative (आदेश / निवेदन)	ordered, commanded, requested, advised, told, begged	to + V1 / not to + V1	The teacher ordered the boys to sit down.
Let's (सुझाव)	proposed, suggested	that … should	He proposed that they should go for a walk.
Exclamatory (विस्मय)	exclaimed with joy / sorrow / wonder	that	He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
Optative (आशीर्वाद / कामना)	wished, prayed	that … might	She prayed that God might bless me.

नियम	सार
Tense backshift	Reporting verb past में हो तो reported tense एक कदम पीछे
No tense change	Reporting verb present/future; सार्वभौमिक सत्य
SON (Pronoun)	1st → Subject, 2nd → Object, 3rd → No change
Time / Place	now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, ago → before, here → there
प्रश्न का क्रम	Indirect में statement क्रम (subject + verb); प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न हटता है

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2. सिलेबस में यह टॉपिक क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?

Narration (Direct-Indirect Speech) English grammar का वह अध्याय है जिसमें tense, pronoun, word order और vocabulary चारों का एक साथ प्रयोग होता है। SSC की परीक्षाओं में "Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence" स्थायी प्रश्न-प्रकार है। शिक्षक भर्ती परीक्षाओं (REET, RPSC द्वितीय श्रेणी) में नियम, अपवाद और reporting verb का सही चुनाव पूछा जाता है। Tense backshift पूरी तरह Tenses की समझ पर टिका है, इसलिए पहले उसे पक्का करें।

परीक्षा उपयोगिता: ★★★★★

• SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS (English Comprehension)
• REET लेवल-1 व लेवल-2 (Language: English)
• RPSC द्वितीय श्रेणी शिक्षक (English विषय तथा सामान्य अंग्रेज़ी)
• राजस्थान CET का English भाग
• RRB NTPC व अन्य परीक्षाएँ जिनमें English खंड हो

प्रश्न कैसे आते हैं?

1. Direct वाक्य देकर चार indirect विकल्पों में से सही चुनना (सबसे सामान्य रूप)।
2. Indirect वाक्य देकर उसका direct रूप पूछना।
3. Reporting verb का सही चुनाव (told / asked / requested / exclaimed)।
4. Tense backshift के अपवाद (सार्वभौमिक सत्य, present reporting verb)।
5. समय-स्थान के शब्दों का परिवर्तन (tomorrow → the next day)।
6. Error spotting: "said me", "asked that", "where did he live" जैसी भूलें।

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3. मूल शब्दावली और Indirect बनाने के 5 कदम

शब्द	अर्थ	उदाहरण: He said to me, "I am busy."
Reporting Verb	inverted commas के बाहर वाली क्रिया	said (to)
Reported Speech	inverted commas के भीतर के शब्द	I am busy
Subject of Reporting Verb	बोलने वाला	He
Object of Reporting Verb	जिससे बात कही गई	me

5 कदम

1. वाक्य का प्रकार पहचानें: कथन, प्रश्न, आदेश, विस्मय या कामना।
2. Reporting verb बदलें: said to → told / asked / ordered / requested / exclaimed / wished।
3. Inverted commas हटाकर conjunction लगाएँ: that, if/whether, wh-word, to।
4. Pronoun SON से बदलें।
5. Tense और समय-स्थान के शब्द बदलें (यदि reporting verb past में है)।

उदाहरण: He said to me, "I am busy now." → (कथन) told → that → I → he (subject He के अनुसार) → am → was → now → then → He told me that he was busy then.

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4. Reporting Verb का परिवर्तन

Direct में	Reported speech का प्रकार	Indirect में	उदाहरण
said	कथन (object नहीं)	said	He said that he was tired.
said to	कथन	told	She told me that she liked tea.
said to	प्रश्न	asked, enquired of, wanted to know	He asked me if I knew him.
said to	आदेश	ordered, commanded	The officer ordered the soldiers to fire.
said to	निवेदन (please / kindly)	requested, begged	He requested me to help him.
said to	सलाह	advised	The doctor advised him to take rest.
said to	निषेध (Don't)	told … not to, forbade … to	Mother told me not to go out.
said	Let's (सुझाव)	proposed, suggested	He suggested that they should play.
said	विस्मय (Alas, Hurrah, What, How)	exclaimed with sorrow / joy / wonder	She exclaimed with joy that they had won.
said	कामना (May)	wished, prayed	He prayed that God might help them.
said to	Good morning / Good night	wished / bade	He wished me good morning.
said to	Thank you	thanked	She thanked me.

ध्यान दें: "said me" कभी नहीं लिखा जाता। Object के साथ told me या said to me आता है, पर indirect speech में प्रायः "told me that…" ही अपेक्षित है।

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5. Tense Backshift (Reporting verb past में हो तो)

Direct Speech का Tense	Indirect में बदलकर	Direct उदाहरण	Indirect उदाहरण
Simple Present	Simple Past	He said, "I am ill."	He said that he was ill.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous	She said, "I am reading."	She said that she was reading.
Present Perfect	Past Perfect	He said, "I have finished the work."	He said that he had finished the work.
Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	She said, "I have been waiting."	She said that she had been waiting.
Simple Past	Past Perfect	He said, "I saw a tiger."	He said that he had seen a tiger.
Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	He said, "I was playing."	He said that he had been playing.
Past Perfect	No change	He said, "I had eaten."	He said that he had eaten.
Past Perfect Continuous	No change	She said, "I had been sleeping."	She said that she had been sleeping.
will	would	He said, "I will go."	He said that he would go.
can	could	She said, "I can swim."	She said that she could swim.
may	might	He said, "I may come."	He said that he might come.
could, would, should, might, ought to	No change	He said, "I should help."	He said that he should help.

पाठ्यपुस्तकों में अंतर: shall को कुछ पुस्तकें सदा should में बदलती हैं, जबकि कुछ "I shall go" को "he would go" लिखती हैं। must को कर्तव्य के अर्थ में "had to" में बदला जाता है, पर कई पुस्तकें must को अपरिवर्तित भी स्वीकार करती हैं। इन बिंदुओं पर परीक्षा के विकल्प सावधानी से पढ़ें।

Tense न बदलने की स्थितियाँ (अपवाद)

स्थिति	Direct	Indirect
Reporting verb present में	He says, "I am ill."	He says that he is ill.
Reporting verb present perfect में	She has said, "I like music."	She has said that she likes music.
Reporting verb future में	He will say, "I am ready."	He will say that he is ready.
सार्वभौमिक सत्य	The teacher said, "The earth moves round the sun."	The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
सार्वभौमिक सत्य	He said, "Honesty is the best policy."	He said that honesty is the best policy.
वैज्ञानिक तथ्य	She said, "Water boils at 100 °C."	She said that water boils at 100 °C.
आदतन तथ्य (habitual fact)	He said, "I go for a walk every morning."	He said that he goes for a walk every morning.

आदतन तथ्य पर टिप्पणी: यदि आदत अब भी जारी है तो कई भारतीय पुस्तकें tense अपरिवर्तित रखती हैं; पर "He said that he went for a walk every morning." भी व्याकरण-सम्मत है। इसलिए परीक्षा में इस पर दोनों विकल्प एक साथ हों तो प्रश्न के निर्देश देखें। ऐतिहासिक तथ्यों (Akbar was a great king) पर भी पुस्तकें एकमत नहीं हैं।

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6. Pronoun परिवर्तन: SON नियम

Reported speech का Pronoun	किसके अनुसार बदलेगा	Direct	Indirect
S: First person (I, me, my, we, us, our)	Reporting verb के Subject के अनुसार	Ram said, "I am happy."	Ram said that he was happy.
O: Second person (you, your, yours)	Reporting verb के Object के अनुसार	She said to me, "You are clever."	She told me that I was clever.
N: Third person (he, she, it, they)	No change	He said to me, "She is ill."	He told me that she was ill.

SON के और उदाहरण

Direct	Indirect	कैसे
Ram said to me, "You are my friend."	Ram told me that I was his friend.	you → me के अनुसार I; my → Ram के अनुसार his
She said to him, "I will help you."	She told him that she would help him.	I → she; you → him
I said to her, "You have done your work."	I told her that she had done her work.	you → she; your → her
They said to us, "We will meet you."	They told us that they would meet us.	We → they; you → us
You said to me, "I know you."	You told me that you knew me.	I → you; you → me
He said to them, "They are honest."	He told them that they were honest.	Third person: No change

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7. समय और स्थान के शब्दों का परिवर्तन

ये शब्द तब बदलते हैं जब बात किसी और समय या स्थान पर दोहराई जा रही हो, जो reporting verb past में होने पर सामान्यतः माना जाता है।

Direct	Indirect	Direct	Indirect
now	then	here	there
today	that day	this	that
tonight	that night	these	those
tomorrow	the next day / the following day	thus	so / in that way
yesterday	the previous day / the day before	hence	thence
last night	the previous night / the night before	ago	before
next week	the following week / the next week	last week	the previous week / the week before
this morning	that morning	just	then

Direct	Indirect
He said, "I will go to Delhi tomorrow."	He said that he would go to Delhi the next day.
She said, "I met him two years ago."	She said that she had met him two years before.
He said, "I am living here now."	He said that he was living there then.
She said, "I bought this pen yesterday."	She said that she had bought that pen the previous day.
He said, "I am going to Jaipur today."	He said that he was going to Jaipur that day.

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8. Assertive (कथन) वाक्य

नियम: said → said (object न हो), said to → told; inverted commas के स्थान पर that; फिर SON, tense और समय-स्थान के बदलाव।

Direct	Indirect
He said, "I am tired."	He said that he was tired.
She said to me, "I like your dress."	She told me that she liked my dress.
Ravi said, "I have lost my book."	Ravi said that he had lost his book.
He said to her, "You are not ready."	He told her that she was not ready.
Mohan said, "I wrote a letter."	Mohan said that he had written a letter.
They said, "We will win the match."	They said that they would win the match.

Yes / No उत्तर

Direct	Indirect
He said to me, "Will you come?" I said, "Yes."	He asked me if I would come and I replied in the affirmative.
She said to him, "Are you ill?" He said, "No."	She asked him if he was ill and he replied in the negative.

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9. Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक) वाक्य

(क) Yes/No प्रश्न (Helping verb से शुरू) → if / whether

नियम: said to → asked; conjunction if या whether; प्रश्न का क्रम हटाकर statement क्रम (subject + verb); do/does/did हटते हैं और tense बदलता है; प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न (?) के स्थान पर full stop (.)।

Direct	Indirect
He said to me, "Are you ill?"	He asked me if I was ill.
She said to him, "Do you like tea?"	She asked him if he liked tea.
He said to me, "Did you see the film?"	He asked me if I had seen the film.
The teacher said to Ram, "Have you done your homework?"	The teacher asked Ram whether he had done his homework.
She said to me, "Can you help me?"	She asked me if I could help her.
He said to them, "Will you come tomorrow?"	He asked them if they would come the next day.

(ख) Wh- प्रश्न → वही wh-word

नियम: wh-word (what, where, when, why, how, who, which) ही conjunction बनता है; "that" या "if" नहीं लगता; उसके बाद statement क्रम।

Direct	Indirect
She said to me, "Where do you live?"	She asked me where I lived.
He said to me, "What is your name?"	He asked me what my name was.
The teacher said to the boy, "Why are you late?"	The teacher asked the boy why he was late.
He said to her, "When did you come?"	He asked her when she had come.
She said to him, "How are you?"	She asked him how he was.
He said to me, "Who teaches you English?"	He asked me who taught me English.
Mother said to me, "What are you doing?"	Mother asked me what I was doing.

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10. Imperative (आदेश / निवेदन / सलाह / निषेध) वाक्य

नियम: said to → ordered / commanded / requested / advised / told / begged; conjunction के स्थान पर to + V1; निषेध (Don't / Do not) में not to + V1; please / kindly हट जाते हैं।

भाव	Direct	Indirect
आदेश	The teacher said to the boys, "Sit down."	The teacher ordered the boys to sit down.
आदेश	The officer said to the soldiers, "Fire."	The officer commanded the soldiers to fire.
निवेदन	He said to me, "Please lend me your pen."	He requested me to lend him my pen.
निवेदन	The beggar said to her, "Kindly give me some food."	The beggar begged her to give him some food.
सलाह	The doctor said to him, "Take rest."	The doctor advised him to take rest.
सलाह	Father said to me, "Work hard."	Father advised me to work hard.
निषेध	Mother said to me, "Don't go out."	Mother told me not to go out.
निषेध	The teacher said to us, "Do not make a noise."	The teacher ordered us not to make a noise.
Let's (सुझाव)	He said, "Let's go for a walk."	He proposed that they should go for a walk.
Let's (सुझाव)	She said to me, "Let us play chess."	She suggested to me that we should play chess.
Let (अनुमति)	He said, "Let me go."	He requested that he might be allowed to go.

ध्यान दें: Imperative के indirect रूप में "that" नहीं लगता: "He ordered me that I should go." जैसा रूप परीक्षा में अपेक्षित नहीं है; सही रूप "He ordered me to go." है।

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11. Exclamatory (विस्मयादिबोधक) वाक्य

नियम: said → exclaimed with joy (Hurrah), exclaimed with sorrow (Alas), exclaimed with wonder / surprise (What!, How!)। Interjection हटता है, that लगता है। "What a…!" और "How…!" वाले वाक्य में प्रायः very या great जोड़कर statement बनाया जाता है।

Direct	Indirect
He said, "Alas! I am ruined."	He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
She said, "Hurrah! We have won the match."	She exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
He said, "What a beautiful scene!"	He exclaimed that it was a very beautiful scene.
She said to me, "How clever you are!"	She exclaimed that I was very clever.
The boy said, "Alas! My dog is dead."	The boy exclaimed with sorrow that his dog was dead.
They said to him, "Bravo! You have done well."	They applauded him, saying that he had done well.

Bravo जैसे प्रशंसा-सूचक शब्दों के लिए "applauded" लिखना एक सामान्य पाठ्यपुस्तक रूप है।

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12. Optative (आशीर्वाद / कामना) वाक्य

नियम: said → wished / prayed; that; May → might; वाक्य statement क्रम में।

Direct	Indirect
She said to me, "May God bless you!"	She prayed that God might bless me.
He said to me, "May you live long!"	He wished that I might live long.
The people said, "Long live the King!"	The people prayed that the King might live long.
Father said to me, "May you succeed!"	Father wished that I might succeed.
He said to me, "Good morning."	He wished me good morning.
She said to them, "Good night."	She bade them good night.
He said to me, "Thank you."	He thanked me.

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13. परीक्षा में कौन-सी गलतियाँ होती हैं? (Exam Trap)

Trap 1: "said me" और "asked that"

"He said me that…" गलत है; सही "He told me that…"। प्रश्न में "He asked me that where I lived." गलत है; wh-word के साथ that नहीं लगता: "He asked me where I lived."

Trap 2: Indirect प्रश्न में प्रश्न-क्रम

गलत	सही
She asked me where did I live.	She asked me where I lived.
He asked me what was my name.	He asked me what my name was.
He asked me was I ill.	He asked me if I was ill.

Trap 3: Present reporting verb पर tense बदल देना

"He says, 'I am ill.'" → "He says that he is ill." यहाँ "was" लिखना गलत है, क्योंकि reporting verb (says) present में है।

Trap 4: सार्वभौमिक सत्य का tense बदलना

"The teacher said, 'The sun rises in the east.'" → "The teacher said that the sun rises in the east." "rose" विकल्प परीक्षा में जाल होता है।

Trap 5: Simple Past का backshift भूलना

"He said, 'I saw a tiger.'" → "He said that he had seen a tiger." केवल "saw" रख देना मानक नियम के अनुसार अधूरा है।

Trap 6: SON में object भूलना

"She said to me, 'You are late.'" → "She told me that I was late." 'you' object 'me' के अनुसार बदलता है; "she was late" लिखना गलत है।

Trap 7: Imperative में that

"He said to me, 'Open the door.'" → "He ordered me to open the door." "He ordered me that open the door." गलत है।

Trap 8: निषेध में "not to" का स्थान

"Don't touch it." → "…told me not to touch it." "to not touch" या "don't to touch" परीक्षा में गलत विकल्प के रूप में आते हैं।

Trap 9: tomorrow और yesterday की अदला-बदली

tomorrow → the next day; yesterday → the previous day। विकल्पों में "the previous day" को tomorrow के लिए रखकर जाल बनाया जाता है।

Trap 10: can → could, पर could → could

could, would, should, might, ought to पहले से past रूप हैं; ये indirect में नहीं बदलते। "could" को "could have" में बदलना गलत है।

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14. Most-Asked रिवीज़न तालिका (50 वाक्य)

क्र.	Direct	Indirect
1	He said, "I am happy."	He said that he was happy.
2	She said to me, "I know you."	She told me that she knew me.
3	Ram said, "I am writing a letter."	Ram said that he was writing a letter.
4	He said, "I have passed the exam."	He said that he had passed the exam.
5	She said, "I have been working since morning."	She said that she had been working since morning.
6	He said, "I bought a car."	He said that he had bought a car.
7	She said, "I was cooking."	She said that she had been cooking.
8	He said to me, "I will help you."	He told me that he would help me.
9	She said, "I can drive."	She said that she could drive.
10	He said, "It may rain."	He said that it might rain.
11	He says, "I am busy."	He says that he is busy.
12	She will say, "I am right."	She will say that she is right.
13	The teacher said, "The earth is round."	The teacher said that the earth is round.
14	He said, "Two and two make four."	He said that two and two make four.
15	She said to him, "You are honest."	She told him that he was honest.
16	I said to her, "I like your voice."	I told her that I liked her voice.
17	He said, "I will come tomorrow."	He said that he would come the next day.
18	She said, "I met him yesterday."	She said that she had met him the previous day.
19	He said, "I am busy now."	He said that he was busy then.
20	She said, "I came here two days ago."	She said that she had come there two days before.
21	He said, "This is my house."	He said that that was his house.
22	She said, "These books are mine."	She said that those books were hers.
23	He said to me, "Are you ready?"	He asked me if I was ready.
24	She said to him, "Do you play cricket?"	She asked him if he played cricket.
25	He said to me, "Did you go to school?"	He asked me if I had gone to school.
26	She said to me, "Have you seen my pen?"	She asked me whether I had seen her pen.
27	He said to her, "Will you marry me?"	He asked her if she would marry him.
28	He said to me, "Where are you going?"	He asked me where I was going.
29	She said to me, "What do you want?"	She asked me what I wanted.
30	The teacher said to me, "Why did you not come?"	The teacher asked me why I had not come.
31	He said to them, "How did you do it?"	He asked them how they had done it.
32	She said to me, "Who is your friend?"	She asked me who my friend was.
33	He said to me, "When will you return?"	He asked me when I would return.
34	The captain said to the players, "Stand up."	The captain ordered the players to stand up.
35	She said to me, "Please help me."	She requested me to help her.
36	He said to us, "Do not waste time."	He told us not to waste time.
37	The doctor said to me, "Avoid sweets."	The doctor advised me to avoid sweets.
38	The master said to the servant, "Bring a glass of water."	The master ordered the servant to bring a glass of water.
39	He said, "Let us go home."	He proposed that they should go home.
40	She said, "Alas! I have failed."	She exclaimed with sorrow that she had failed.
41	They said, "Hurrah! We are free."	They exclaimed with joy that they were free.
42	He said, "What a lovely flower!"	He exclaimed that it was a very lovely flower.
43	She said to me, "May you be happy!"	She wished that I might be happy.
44	The saint said to him, "May God bless you!"	The saint prayed that God might bless him.
45	He said to me, "Good morning."	He wished me good morning.
46	She said to him, "Thank you."	She thanked him.
47	He said, "I had finished my work."	He said that he had finished his work.
48	She said, "I could not sleep."	She said that she could not sleep.
49	He said to me, "You should study."	He told me that I should study.
50	She said, "I am going to Jaipur today."	She said that she was going to Jaipur that day.

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15. परीक्षा में यह टॉपिक कैसे पूछा जाता है

Narration के प्रश्न प्रायः पाँच ढाँचों में आते हैं। हर ढाँचे के लिए एक नमूना (स्वयं बनाया गया) प्रश्न:

1. Assertive: "Select the correct indirect form: Sita said to me, 'I am going to the market.'" (उत्तर: Sita told me that she was going to the market.)
2. Interrogative: "Select the correct indirect form: He said to me, 'Have you met my brother?'" (उत्तर: He asked me if I had met his brother.)
3. Imperative: "Select the correct indirect form: The teacher said to me, 'Don't be late.'" (उत्तर: The teacher told me not to be late.)
4. Exclamatory / Optative: "Select the correct indirect form: She said, 'Alas! I have lost my purse.'" (उत्तर: She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her purse.)
5. Indirect से Direct: "He asked me where I lived." का direct रूप? (उत्तर: He said to me, "Where do you live?")

रणनीति: पहले reporting verb और conjunction जाँचें (told that / asked if / ordered to); इससे दो विकल्प कट जाते हैं। फिर pronoun (SON) और tense देखें। SSC स्तर के अभ्यास के लिए SSC CGL टेस्ट सीरीज़ 2026 देखें।

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16. इसे आसानी से याद कैसे रखें?

1. SON: "Subject, Object, No change" = 1st, 2nd, 3rd person का क्रम।

2. एक कदम पीछे: "Present → Past, Past → Past Perfect, Past Perfect → वहीं रुको।"

3. Modal जोड़ी: "will-would, can-could, may-might, shall-should": पहला शब्द indirect में दूसरा बनता है; दूसरा पहले से past है, वह नहीं बदलता।

4. चार conjunction: "कथन = that, हाँ/ना प्रश्न = if, wh-प्रश्न = wh, आदेश = to"।

5. दूरी का नियम: "पास वाला शब्द दूर चला जाता है": now → then, here → there, this → that, today → that day, ago → before।

6. Tense न बदले (PUF): Present reporting verb, Universal truth, Future reporting verb।

7. भाव के अनुसार verb: "Alas = sorrow, Hurrah = joy, What/How = wonder, May = wish/pray"।

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17. कथन अभ्यास

Reporting verb past में हो तो reported speech का Simple Present, Simple Past में बदलता है। — सही।

"He says, 'I am ill.'" का indirect रूप "He says that he was ill." है। — गलत (present reporting verb: "he is ill")।

सार्वभौमिक सत्य का tense indirect speech में नहीं बदलता। — सही।

SON नियम में second person, reporting verb के subject के अनुसार बदलता है। — गलत (object के अनुसार)।

Third person pronoun indirect speech में नहीं बदलते। — सही।

Indirect speech में "tomorrow" बदलकर "the previous day" हो जाता है। — गलत (the next day)।

Yes/No प्रश्न के indirect रूप में if या whether लगता है। — सही।

Wh- प्रश्न के indirect रूप में wh-word से पहले "that" लगता है। — गलत (that नहीं लगता)।

Imperative के indirect रूप में to + V1 लगता है। — सही।

"could" indirect speech में बदलकर "could have" हो जाता है। — गलत (could अपरिवर्तित रहता है)।

"Alas!" वाले वाक्य का reporting verb "exclaimed with sorrow" होता है। — सही।

Optative वाक्य में "May" indirect में "might" बन जाता है। — सही।

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18. एक दिन पहले — 14 रेखाएँ

1. Indirect में बदलते हैं: reporting verb, conjunction, pronoun, tense, समय-स्थान
2. said → said; said to → told (कथन)
3. प्रश्न → asked; Yes/No में if/whether; Wh- में वही wh-word
4. Indirect प्रश्न statement क्रम में; ? की जगह full stop
5. आदेश → ordered/commanded; निवेदन → requested; सलाह → advised
6. Imperative: to + V1; निषेध: not to + V1
7. Let's → proposed/suggested that … should
8. Alas → exclaimed with sorrow; Hurrah → exclaimed with joy
9. May → wished/prayed that … might
10. Present → Past; Past → Past Perfect; Past Perfect → no change
11. will → would, can → could, may → might; could/would/should/might → no change
12. Present/future reporting verb और universal truth में tense नहीं बदलता
13. SON: 1st → Subject, 2nd → Object, 3rd → No change
14. now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, yesterday → the previous day, ago → before, here → there

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19. अभ्यास

नीचे दिए 25 प्रश्नों का क्विज़ हल करें। हर विकल्प को पाँच कसौटियों पर परखें: reporting verb, conjunction, pronoun, tense और समय-स्थान शब्द। Narration के बाद Active-Passive Voice दोहराएँ, क्योंकि दोनों में tense की पहचान ही आधार है। शिक्षक भर्ती की तैयारी के लिए RPSC द्वितीय श्रेणी शिक्षक टेस्ट सीरीज़ 2026 हल करें।

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20. निष्कर्ष: परीक्षा के लिए क्या याद रखें?

Direct-Indirect Speech पाँच बदलावों का क्रमबद्ध अभ्यास है: reporting verb, conjunction, pronoun, tense और समय-स्थान के शब्द। वाक्य का प्रकार पहचानते ही reporting verb और conjunction तय हो जाते हैं (told that, asked if, ordered to, exclaimed that, prayed that … might)। SON नियम pronoun का और "एक कदम पीछे" नियम tense का उत्तर देता है, जबकि present reporting verb और सार्वभौमिक सत्य इसके मुख्य अपवाद हैं। जहाँ पुस्तकें अलग-अलग नियम देती हैं (must, shall, आदतन तथ्य), वहाँ विकल्पों को सावधानी से पढ़ें। 50 वाक्यों की तालिका को रोज़ दोहराएँ।

told that · asked if/wh · ordered to · not to · exclaimed that · prayed that … might | SON | एक कदम पीछे | now → then, tomorrow → the next day, ago → before

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