Subject-Verb Agreement के नियम — 25 मानक नियम, Each/Either, As well as, Neither…nor और Error Spotting

संक्षिप्त उत्तर: Subject-Verb Agreement का मूल नियम है — एकवचन कर्ता के साथ एकवचन verb (is, was, has, V1+s) और बहुवचन कर्ता के साथ बहुवचन verb (are, were, have, V1)। each, every, either, neither, many a, one of the + plural noun, more than one + singular noun के साथ verb सदा एकवचन रहती है। as well as, along with, together with, with, besides, in addition to से जुड़े दो कर्ताओं में verb पहले कर्ता के अनुसार चलती है, जबकि either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, or, nor में verb पास वाले कर्ता (proximity) के अनुसार। A number of + plural noun के साथ बहुवचन verb, पर the number of के साथ एकवचन। news, mathematics, physics, measles रूप में plural पर अर्थ में singular हैं; scissors, trousers, spectacles सदा plural (पर a pair of scissors is); information, furniture, advice, luggage, equipment uncountable हैं — न plural रूप, न plural verb। राशि, दूरी और समय एक इकाई हों तो एकवचन (Five hundred rupees is enough), और the + adjective (the rich, the poor) बहुवचन verb लेता है।

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संक्षिप्त उत्तर

कर्ता का ढाँचा	Verb	उदाहरण
Each / Every + noun	एकवचन	Every student has a book.
Each of / Either of / Neither of + plural	एकवचन (मानक नियम)	Each of the boys was present.
A as well as / along with / with B	A के अनुसार	The captain, along with his players, was honoured.
Either A or B / Neither A nor B	B (पास वाले) के अनुसार	Neither the teacher nor the students were present.
A and B (दो अलग व्यक्ति/वस्तु)	बहुवचन	Ram and Shyam are friends.
A number of + plural	बहुवचन	A number of students were absent.
The number of + plural	एकवचन	The number of students is increasing.
One of the + plural noun	एकवचन	One of my friends lives in Ajmer.
Many a + singular noun	एकवचन	Many a student has failed.
News, Mathematics, Physics	एकवचन	The news is true.
Scissors, Trousers, Spectacles	बहुवचन	My spectacles are broken.
Information, Furniture, Advice	एकवचन (uncountable)	The furniture is new.
Police, Cattle, People	बहुवचन	The police have arrested the thief.
The + adjective (the rich, the poor)	बहुवचन	The poor need help.
राशि / दूरी / समय (एक इकाई)	एकवचन	Ten kilometres is a long walk.
किताब/फ़िल्म का शीर्षक	एकवचन	"The Arabian Nights" is a famous book.

एकवचन verb रूप	बहुवचन verb रूप
is, was, has, does, V1+s/es (goes, plays)	are, were, have, do, V1 (go, play)

याद रखें: noun में s लगने से वह प्रायः बहुवचन बनता है (boys), पर verb में s लगने से verb एकवचन बनती है (He plays)। इसलिए "The boy plays" और "The boys play" — दोनों सही हैं।

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2. सिलेबस में यह टॉपिक क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?

Subject-Verb Agreement (Concord) SSC CGL, CHSL और MTS के Error Spotting प्रश्नों का सबसे लोकप्रिय आधार है — वाक्य के चार भागों में से एक भाग में is/are, has/have या V1+s की भूल छिपी रहती है। REET और RPSC द्वितीय श्रेणी शिक्षक परीक्षा में यह fill in the blank और sentence correction के रूप में आता है; राजस्थान CET और RRB NTPC में भी सामान्य English के अंतर्गत यही नियम पूछे जाते हैं। यह अध्याय English Tenses से सीधा जुड़ा है, क्योंकि हर tense में helping verb (is/are, has/have, was/were) का चयन कर्ता के वचन पर निर्भर करता है।

परीक्षा उपयोगिता: ★★★★★

• SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS — Error Spotting, Sentence Improvement
• REET लेवल-1 व लेवल-2 — English भाषा खंड
• RPSC द्वितीय श्रेणी शिक्षक — English (जहाँ विषय लागू हो)
• राजस्थान CET (12th व Graduation स्तर)
• RRB NTPC व अन्य रेलवे परीक्षाएँ

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3. मूल सिद्धांत — असली कर्ता खोजें

अधिकांश भूलें इसलिए होती हैं कि verb के ठीक पहले आया शब्द कर्ता समझ लिया जाता है। असली कर्ता खोजने के लिए of, with, along with, as well as, in, on जैसे शब्दों से शुरू होने वाले वाक्यांश को कोष्ठक में रख दें; बचा हुआ मुख्य noun ही कर्ता है।

वाक्य	कोष्ठक में वाक्यांश	असली कर्ता	सही verb
The quality of the mangoes ____ good.	(of the mangoes)	The quality	is
The box of chocolates ____ on the table.	(of chocolates)	The box	is
The leader of the workers ____ arrived.	(of the workers)	The leader	has
The books on the shelf ____ old.	(on the shelf)	The books	are
The price of these shoes ____ high.	(of these shoes)	The price	is
The students in this class ____ hard-working.	(in this class)	The students	are

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4. 25 मानक नियम — विस्तार से

नियम 1: Each, Every — सदा एकवचन

Each और every के बाद singular noun और singular verb आती है। दो कर्ता "and" से जुड़े हों पर उनके पहले each/every हो, तब भी verb एकवचन।

गलत	सही
Every student have a book.	Every student has a book.
Each of the girls were given a prize.	Each of the girls was given a prize.
Every boy and every girl were present.	Every boy and every girl was present.
Each man and each woman have a vote.	Each man and each woman has a vote.

अपवाद: each यदि plural कर्ता के बाद आए तो verb plural कर्ता के अनुसार — The boys each have a bicycle.

नियम 2: Either, Neither (अकेले या "of" के साथ)

Either (दोनों में से कोई एक) और neither (दोनों में से कोई नहीं) मानक व्याकरण में singular verb लेते हैं — Neither of the two answers is correct. Either of these roads leads to the fort.

नोट: बोलचाल की English में "Neither of them are…" भी सुनाई देता है, पर परीक्षा के मानक नियम में singular verb ही लिखें। इस नोट के क्विज़ में इस बिंदु पर कोई प्रश्न नहीं रखा गया है।

नियम 3: As well as, Along with, Together with, With, Besides, In addition to, Accompanied by, Like, Unlike

इन शब्दों से जुड़ा दूसरा कर्ता verb को प्रभावित नहीं करता; verb पहले कर्ता के अनुसार चलती है।

गलत	सही
The teacher, as well as the students, were present.	The teacher, as well as the students, was present.
The minister, along with his officers, are coming.	The minister, along with his officers, is coming.
The students, with their teacher, has gone.	The students, with their teacher, have gone.
Ravi, besides his brothers, are in the team.	Ravi, besides his brothers, is in the team.
The ship, together with its crew, were lost.	The ship, together with its crew, was lost.

नियम 4: Either…or, Neither…nor, Or, Nor, Not only…but also — Proximity

इन जोड़ों में verb पास वाले (दूसरे) कर्ता के वचन और पुरुष के अनुसार चलती है। अच्छी शैली के लिए plural कर्ता को बाद में रखा जाता है।

गलत	सही
Neither the teacher nor the students was present.	Neither the teacher nor the students were present.
Either the students or the teacher are responsible.	Either the students or the teacher is responsible.
Either you or he are wrong.	Either you or he is wrong.
Neither he nor I is going.	Neither he nor I am going.
Not only the captain but also the players was praised.	Not only the captain but also the players were praised.
Ram or his brothers has done it.	Ram or his brothers have done it.

नियम 5: "And" से जुड़े दो कर्ता — बहुवचन

दो अलग व्यक्ति या वस्तुएँ "and" से जुड़ें तो verb बहुवचन — Ram and Shyam are brothers. Gold and silver are precious metals.

नियम 6: "And" से जुड़े पर एक ही व्यक्ति/विचार — एकवचन

स्थिति	उदाहरण	Verb
Article केवल पहले noun के साथ — एक ही व्यक्ति	The secretary and treasurer has resigned.	एकवचन (एक व्यक्ति, दो पद)
Article दोनों के साथ — दो व्यक्ति	The secretary and the treasurer have resigned.	बहुवचन
एक ही विचार / व्यंजन	Bread and butter is his breakfast.	एकवचन
कहावत	Slow and steady wins the race.	एकवचन
एक ही विचार	Rice and curry is my favourite dish.	एकवचन

नियम 7: Collective Nouns

Team, committee, jury, family, class, army, crowd, audience, government जैसे समूहवाचक nouns को जब एक इकाई के रूप में देखा जाए तो singular verb, और जब समूह के सदस्य अलग-अलग सोच या कार्य कर रहे हों तो plural verb।

एक इकाई — singular	सदस्य अलग-अलग — plural
The committee has submitted its report.	The committee were unable to agree among themselves.
The jury has given its verdict.	The jury were divided in their opinions.
The family is a basic unit of society.	The family are quarrelling among themselves.
The army is marching ahead.	—

नोट: British English में collective nouns के साथ plural verb का प्रयोग अधिक लचीला है (The team are playing well), जबकि American English singular पसंद करती है। परीक्षा में निर्णायक संकेत वाक्य के pronoun होते हैं — its हो तो singular, their / among themselves हो तो plural। verb और pronoun में तालमेल अनिवार्य है — "The committee has submitted their report" में असंगति है।

नियम 8: A number of बनाम The number of

ढाँचा	अर्थ	Verb	उदाहरण
A number of + plural noun	बहुत से (many)	बहुवचन	A number of books are missing.
The number of + plural noun	की संख्या	एकवचन	The number of books is small.

नियम 9: रूप में Plural, अर्थ में Singular

कुछ nouns के अंत में s होता है, फिर भी वे एकवचन verb लेते हैं।

वर्ग	शब्द	उदाहरण
समाचार	news	The news is good.
विषय	mathematics, physics, economics, civics, ethics (विषय के रूप में)	Mathematics is my favourite subject.
रोग	measles, mumps, rickets	Measles is an infectious disease.
खेल	billiards, draughts	Billiards is an indoor game.
देश / संस्था	the United States, the United Nations	The United States is a large country.

नोट: economics, politics, statistics जैसे शब्द विषय के रूप में singular हैं, पर "किसी के विचार/आँकड़े" के अर्थ में plural भी हो सकते हैं — His politics are confusing. ऐसे दोहरे अर्थ वाले प्रश्न परीक्षा में कम आते हैं।

नियम 10: सदा Plural — जोड़े वाली वस्तुएँ

Scissors, trousers, spectacles, jeans, pants, tongs, pliers, binoculars — ये हमेशा plural verb लेते हैं। पर इनके पहले a pair of आ जाए तो कर्ता "pair" बन जाता है और verb singular।

Plural	A pair of — Singular
The scissors are sharp.	A pair of scissors is on the table.
My trousers are torn.	This pair of trousers is expensive.
Your spectacles are on the desk.	A pair of spectacles was found.

नियम 11: सदा Plural — Police, Cattle, People, Poultry, Clergy

ये nouns s के बिना भी plural हैं — The police have caught the thief. Cattle are grazing in the field. People are waiting outside. (People = लोग; "a people" = एक राष्ट्र/जाति, जिसका plural peoples होता है।)

नियम 12: Uncountable Nouns — न s, न plural verb

Information, furniture, advice, luggage, baggage, equipment, machinery, scenery, poetry, knowledge, evidence, work (काम), homework, traffic — ये uncountable हैं। इनका plural रूप नहीं बनता (informations, furnitures, advices गलत), verb singular रहती है, और इनके साथ "a/an" या "many" नहीं, बल्कि "a piece of / an item of / much / some" आता है।

गलत	सही
He gave me many informations.	He gave me much information / a lot of information.
The furnitures are new.	The furniture is new.
She gave me an advice.	She gave me a piece of advice.
My luggages have been lost.	My luggage has been lost.
The sceneries of Kashmir are beautiful.	The scenery of Kashmir is beautiful.
The machineries are old.	The machinery is old.

नियम 13: One of the + Plural Noun + Singular Verb

"One of" के बाद noun सदा plural होता है, पर verb का कर्ता "one" है, इसलिए verb singular — One of my friends is a doctor. ("One of my friend" गलत — noun plural चाहिए।)

नोट: "He is one of the best players who have played for India" जैसे वाक्यों में relative clause का verb किससे मिलेगा, इस पर व्याकरणविदों में मतभेद है (who का antecedent "players" या "one")। ऐसे वाक्य इस नोट के क्विज़ में नहीं हैं।

नियम 14: Many a + Singular Noun + Singular Verb

Many a student has failed in this subject. Many a man was killed in the war. — "Many a" के बाद noun भी singular और verb भी singular। (Many students have failed — "many" अकेले हो तो plural।)

नियम 15: More than one + Singular Noun + Singular Verb

More than one student was absent. — अर्थ बहुवचन होने पर भी व्याकरण में noun और verb singular। पर "More than one + plural" नहीं, और "More than two students were" में plural।

नियम 16: राशि, दूरी, समय, वज़न — एक इकाई

जब कोई राशि या मात्रा एक इकाई के रूप में देखी जाए तो verb singular।

उदाहरण	कारण
Five hundred rupees is not a big amount.	राशि एक इकाई
Ten kilometres is a long distance.	दूरी एक इकाई
Twenty years is a long period.	समय एक इकाई
Fifty kilograms is too heavy for him.	वज़न एक इकाई
Two and two makes four.	गणितीय योग — singular (makes/make दोनों मिलते हैं; परीक्षा में कम)

पर जब अलग-अलग गिनी जाने वाली वस्तुएँ (सिक्के, नोट, पुस्तकें) कर्ता हों तो plural — Ten coins were lying on the floor.

नियम 17: शीर्षक और नाम

पुस्तक, फ़िल्म, अख़बार, संस्था या देश का नाम plural दिखने पर भी एक ही चीज़ है — "The Arabian Nights" is a collection of stories. "Gulliver's Travels" was written by Jonathan Swift. The Netherlands is in Europe.

नियम 18: The + Adjective = Plural

The rich, the poor, the blind, the old, the young, the wounded, the unemployed — यह पूरे वर्ग के लोगों को बताता है, इसलिए verb plural और noun में s नहीं — The rich are not always happy. The wounded were taken to hospital. ("The poors" गलत।)

नियम 19: Indefinite Pronouns — Singular

Everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, nothing — सभी singular verb लेते हैं — Everybody knows the answer. Nobody was there. Something is wrong.

नियम 20: Some, All, Most, Half, Part, Rest, Plenty of, A lot of — Noun पर निर्भर

Uncountable / singular noun — singular verb	Plural noun — plural verb
Some of the milk is sour.	Some of the students are absent.
All the water has evaporated.	All the boys have come.
Half of the work is done.	Half of the mangoes are rotten.
A lot of money was spent.	A lot of people were present.
The rest of the cake is yours.	The rest of the guests have left.

नियम 21: There is / There are

There वाक्य का वास्तविक कर्ता नहीं है; verb उसके बाद आने वाले noun के अनुसार — There is a pen on the table. There are many pens on the table. There was a lot of noise.

नियम 22: Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) — Antecedent के अनुसार

who/which/that के बाद की verb उस noun से मिलती है जिसके लिए relative pronoun आया है — I, who am your teacher, will help you. The boys who were late were punished. It is I who am to blame.

नियम 23: Gerund, Infinitive और Clause कर्ता — Singular

Swimming is a good exercise. To err is human. What he says is true. That he is honest is known to all.

नियम 24: केवल Plural रूप वाले Nouns — Riches, Thanks, Proceeds, Premises, Surroundings

The surroundings are pleasant. The premises were searched. Riches do not bring happiness.

नियम 25: Both — सदा Plural

Both + plural noun + plural verb — Both the brothers are doctors. "Both" कभी singular verb नहीं लेता और "both…as well as" नहीं, "both…and" आता है — Both Ram and Shyam are present.

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5. Error-Spotting के उदाहरण — हल सहित

क्र.	वाक्य (त्रुटि सहित)	त्रुटि वाला भाग	सुधार	नियम
1	Each of the players / have been given / a new kit.	have been given	has been given	Each of — singular
2	The principal, along with the teachers, / are attending / the meeting.	are attending	is attending	along with — पहला कर्ता
3	Neither the manager nor the clerks / was / in the office.	was	were	neither…nor — पास वाला
4	The number of applicants / are increasing / every year.	are increasing	is increasing	the number of — singular
5	A number of students / was absent / today.	was absent	were absent	a number of — plural
6	The news / are not / true.	are not	is not	news — singular
7	He gave me / some valuable / informations.	informations	information	uncountable
8	One of my cousin / is / an engineer.	One of my cousin	One of my cousins	one of + plural noun
9	Many a soldier / were / killed in the battle.	were	was	many a — singular
10	The rich / is / not always happy.	is	are	the + adjective — plural
11	Mathematics / are / a difficult subject for him.	are	is	विषय — singular
12	The police / has arrested / the culprit.	has arrested	have arrested	police — plural
13	Five hundred rupees / are / not enough.	are	is	राशि — singular
14	My scissors / is / very sharp.	is	are	scissors — plural
15	Every boy and every girl / were / given a sweet.	were	was	every…and every — singular
16	The quality of these apples / are / excellent.	are	is	असली कर्ता — quality
17	There is / many books / on the shelf.	There is	There are	There + बाद वाला noun
18	The committee has / submitted / their report.	their report	its report	verb–pronoun संगति

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6. परीक्षा में कौन-सी गलतियाँ होती हैं? (Exam Trap)

Trap 1: of के बाद वाला plural noun कर्ता नहीं

"The box of pencils are lost" — गलत। कर्ता box है, pencils नहीं — "The box of pencils is lost"।

Trap 2: as well as को and समझ लेना

"Ravi as well as his friends are coming" — गलत; as well as वाला भाग verb को नहीं बदलता — "Ravi as well as his friends is coming"।

Trap 3: neither…nor में पहले कर्ता से verb मिलाना

"Neither I nor he am guilty" — गलत; पास वाला कर्ता he है — "Neither I nor he is guilty"।

Trap 4: a number / the number की अदला-बदली

"A" = अनेक (plural verb), "The" = संख्या (singular verb)। एक अक्षर का अंतर पूरा उत्तर बदल देता है।

Trap 5: Uncountable nouns का plural

informations, furnitures, advices, luggages, sceneries, equipments, machineries — सब गलत। "an advice" भी गलत — "a piece of advice"।

Trap 6: one of के बाद singular noun

"One of the student is…" — गलत; noun plural और verb singular — "One of the students is…"।

Trap 7: many a के बाद plural

"Many a students have…" — दोहरी भूल; सही — "Many a student has…"।

Trap 8: The + adjective में s

"The poors are suffering" — गलत; "The poor are suffering"। विशेषण पर s नहीं लगता।

Trap 9: Police/cattle के साथ singular

"The police is investigating" — मानक नियम में गलत; "The police are investigating"।

Trap 10: Pair noun और a pair of

"The trousers is new" गलत (are); पर "This pair of trousers is new" सही — कर्ता बदल गया।

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7. Most-Asked रिवीज़न तालिका (50 वाक्य)

क्र.	वाक्य	सही verb	नियम
1	Every student ____ a uniform.	has	every — singular
2	Each of the boys ____ a prize.	gets	each of — singular
3	Each boy and each girl ____ present.	was	each…and each
4	The boys each ____ a bicycle.	have	plural कर्ता + each
5	The teacher, as well as the students, ____ present.	was	as well as
6	The students, as well as the teacher, ____ present.	were	as well as
7	The captain, along with his team, ____ arrived.	has	along with
8	The minister, with his secretaries, ____ coming.	is	with
9	Neither the teacher nor the students ____ present.	were	proximity
10	Either the students or the teacher ____ to blame.	is	proximity
11	Neither he nor I ____ going.	am	proximity (person भी)
12	Either you or he ____ wrong.	is	proximity
13	Not only the father but also the sons ____ guilty.	are	not only…but also
14	Ram and Shyam ____ friends.	are	and — plural
15	The secretary and treasurer ____ resigned.	has	एक व्यक्ति
16	The secretary and the treasurer ____ resigned.	have	दो व्यक्ति
17	Bread and butter ____ my breakfast.	is	एक विचार
18	Slow and steady ____ the race.	wins	कहावत
19	The committee ____ submitted its report.	has	collective — इकाई
20	The jury ____ divided in their opinions.	were	collective — सदस्य
21	A number of books ____ missing.	are	a number of
22	The number of books ____ small.	is	the number of
23	The news ____ good.	is	news
24	Mathematics ____ my favourite subject.	is	विषय
25	Physics ____ taught by Mr Verma.	is	विषय
26	Measles ____ an infectious disease.	is	रोग
27	The scissors ____ sharp.	are	pair noun
28	A pair of scissors ____ on the table.	is	a pair of
29	My spectacles ____ broken.	are	pair noun
30	The police ____ arrested the thief.	have	police — plural
31	Cattle ____ grazing in the field.	are	cattle — plural
32	The information ____ correct.	is	uncountable
33	The furniture ____ new.	is	uncountable
34	His advice ____ useful.	was	uncountable
35	My luggage ____ been lost.	has	uncountable
36	One of my friends ____ a doctor.	is	one of + plural
37	Many a student ____ failed.	has	many a
38	More than one student ____ absent.	was	more than one
39	Five hundred rupees ____ enough.	is	राशि
40	Ten kilometres ____ a long distance.	is	दूरी
41	"The Arabian Nights" ____ a famous book.	is	शीर्षक
42	The rich ____ not always happy.	are	the + adjective
43	Everybody ____ the answer.	knows	indefinite pronoun
44	Nobody ____ there.	was	indefinite pronoun
45	Some of the milk ____ sour.	is	noun पर निर्भर
46	Some of the students ____ absent.	are	noun पर निर्भर
47	There ____ many books on the shelf.	are	there + noun
48	It is I who ____ to blame.	am	relative pronoun
49	To err ____ human.	is	infinitive कर्ता
50	The quality of the mangoes ____ good.	is	असली कर्ता

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8. परीक्षा में यह टॉपिक कैसे पूछा जाता है

SSC, REET, CET और RRB की English परीक्षाओं में agreement के प्रश्न कुछ निश्चित ढाँचों में आते हैं:

1. Error spotting: "निम्न वाक्य में त्रुटि वाला भाग चुनिए: The principal, along with the teachers, (A) / are going (B) / to the conference (C) / No error (D)" → (B); सही — is going।
2. Fill in the blank: "Choose the correct option to fill in the blank: The number of road accidents ____ rising." — (a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have → (b) is।
3. Sentence improvement: "Each of the candidates have been informed." — सुधार: has।
4. सही वाक्य चुनना: चार वाक्य, जिनमें uncountable noun का गलत plural (furnitures) या the + adjective में s (the poors) जैसी भूलें।
5. Cloze test: अनुच्छेद में is/are, has/have का चयन — असली कर्ता खोजना पड़ता है।

रणनीति: (1) of/with/along with वाले वाक्यांश को हटाएँ; (2) शेष कर्ता के लिए 25 नियमों में से कौन-सा लागू है, पहचानें; (3) verb का वचन तय करें; (4) pronoun (its/their) भी उसी के अनुसार है या नहीं, जाँचें।

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9. इसे आसानी से याद कैसे रखें?

1. "EEN-M-O" सदा एकवचन: Each, Every, Neither/Either, Many a, One of — इनके साथ singular verb।

2. "साथ वाले साथ नहीं देते": with, along with, together with, as well as, besides — दूसरा कर्ता verb को नहीं छूता; पहला कर्ता बॉस है।

3. "पड़ोसी तय करेगा": or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also — verb के सबसे पास वाला कर्ता निर्णय करता है।

4. "A = Many, The = Count": A number of = अनेक (plural); The number of = गिनती (singular)।

5. "NIFLA" कभी s नहीं: News (s पहले से, फिर भी singular), Information, Furniture, Luggage, Advice।

6. "जोड़ी plural, pair singular": scissors are, a pair of scissors is।

7. "The Rich वर्ग है": the + adjective = पूरा वर्ग = plural verb, बिना s।

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10. कथन अभ्यास

"Each of the students has a book" शुद्ध वाक्य है। — सही।

"as well as" से जुड़े कर्ताओं में verb दूसरे कर्ता के अनुसार चलती है। — गलत (पहले कर्ता के अनुसार)।

"neither…nor" में verb पास वाले कर्ता के अनुसार चलती है। — सही।

"A number of students is absent" शुद्ध है। — गलत (A number of + plural verb — are absent)।

"The number of students is increasing" शुद्ध है। — सही।

"news" के साथ plural verb आती है। — गलत (The news is…)।

"furniture" का plural "furnitures" होता है। — गलत (uncountable; plural नहीं बनता)।

"Many a student has passed" शुद्ध है। — सही।

"The police has arrested the thief" मानक रूप है। — गलत (police plural — have arrested)।

"A pair of scissors is on the table" शुद्ध है। — सही।

"The poors need help" शुद्ध है। — गलत (The poor need help)।

"Ten kilometres is a long distance" शुद्ध है। — सही।

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11. एक दिन पहले — 14 रेखाएँ

1. Singular कर्ता → is/was/has/V1+s; plural कर्ता → are/were/have/V1
2. of/in/on वाले वाक्यांश हटाकर असली कर्ता खोजो
3. Each, every, either, neither → singular
4. Every…and every… → singular
5. as well as, along with, with, together with, besides → पहला कर्ता
6. either…or, neither…nor, or, nor, not only…but also → पास वाला कर्ता
7. A and B → plural; पर एक व्यक्ति/एक विचार (bread and butter) → singular
8. Collective noun: इकाई → singular + its; सदस्य अलग → plural + their
9. A number of → plural; the number of → singular
10. news, mathematics, physics, measles → singular
11. scissors, trousers, spectacles → plural; a pair of → singular
12. police, cattle, people → plural; information, furniture, advice, luggage → singular, no s
13. one of + plural noun + singular verb; many a + singular noun + singular verb
14. राशि/दूरी/समय/शीर्षक → singular; the + adjective → plural

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12. अभ्यास

नोट पढ़ने के बाद नीचे दिए 25 प्रश्नों का क्विज़ हल करें। हर प्रश्न में पहले असली कर्ता पर गोला बनाएँ, फिर नियम का नाम लिखें, तभी विकल्प चुनें। मिश्रित अभ्यास के लिए SSC CHSL 2026 टेस्ट सीरीज़ या RPSC द्वितीय श्रेणी शिक्षक 2026 टेस्ट सीरीज़ हल करें। Articles के साथ agreement के मिले-जुले प्रश्नों के लिए Articles के नियम भी देखें।

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13. निष्कर्ष: परीक्षा के लिए क्या याद रखें?

Subject-Verb Agreement का पूरा अध्याय एक प्रश्न पर टिका है — असली कर्ता कौन है और वह एकवचन है या बहुवचन? of और with वाले वाक्यांश ध्यान भटकाते हैं, as well as और neither…nor की दिशा उलटी है, a number और the number में एक अक्षर का अंतर है, और news, information, police जैसे शब्दों का वचन उनके रूप से नहीं, नियम से तय होता है। 25 नियमों और 50 वाक्यों की तालिका को दो-तीन बार दोहराने पर error spotting के अधिकांश agreement प्रश्न तुरंत पकड़ में आने लगते हैं।

असली कर्ता खोजो | each/every/many a/one of → singular | with/as well as → पहला | or/nor → पास वाला | a number → plural, the number → singular | news, information → singular; police, the rich → plural

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