Active Passive Voice के नियम — हर Tense की तालिका, Imperative, Modal, Interrogative व 50 वाक्य — SSC

संक्षिप्त उत्तर: Active Voice में कर्ता (subject) काम करता है और Passive Voice में कर्म (object) वाक्य का subject बन जाता है: "Ram writes a letter." → "A letter is written by Ram." Passive का मूल सूत्र है Object + be (tense के अनुसार) + V3 + by + Subject (object form)। हर tense में केवल 'be' का रूप बदलता है: is/am/are, was/were, being, been, will be, will have been। मानक व्याकरण में Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous और Future Perfect Continuous का passive नहीं बनता। Imperative वाक्य का passive Let + object + be + V3 से बनता है ("Open the door." → "Let the door be opened."), जबकि request वाले वाक्य में "You are requested to…" लगता है। Modals में modal + be + V3 लगता है ("can be done", "must be obeyed")। Who वाले प्रश्न में "By whom" आता है। Intransitive verb (object-रहित क्रिया) का passive नहीं बनता। कुछ verbs के साथ "by" के स्थान पर दूसरा preposition आता है: known to, surprised at, filled with, pleased with, interested in।

---

संक्षिप्त उत्तर

Tense	Active (helping verb + main verb)	Passive (be-form + V3)
Simple Present	V1 / V1+s, es	is / am / are + V3
Present Continuous	is / am / are + V1+ing	is / am / are + being + V3
Present Perfect	has / have + V3	has / have + been + V3
Present Perfect Continuous	has / have been + V1+ing	Passive नहीं बनता
Simple Past	V2	was / were + V3
Past Continuous	was / were + V1+ing	was / were + being + V3
Past Perfect	had + V3	had + been + V3
Past Perfect Continuous	had been + V1+ing	Passive नहीं बनता
Simple Future	will / shall + V1	will / shall + be + V3
Future Continuous	will / shall be + V1+ing	Passive नहीं बनता
Future Perfect	will / shall have + V3	will / shall + have been + V3
Future Perfect Continuous	will / shall have been + V1+ing	Passive नहीं बनता

वाक्य का प्रकार	Passive का ढाँचा	उदाहरण
Imperative (आदेश)	Let + object + be + V3	Shut the door. → Let the door be shut.
Negative Imperative	Let + object + not + be + V3	Don't touch the wire. → Let the wire not be touched.
Request (Please / Kindly)	You are requested to + V1	Please help me. → You are requested to help me.
Modal	modal + be + V3	You must obey the rules. → The rules must be obeyed by you.
Yes/No प्रश्न	Helping verb + object + V3 + by…?	Did he write a letter? → Was a letter written by him?
Who वाला प्रश्न	By whom + helping verb + object + V3?	Who broke the glass? → By whom was the glass broken?
Two objects	कोई भी object subject बन सकता है	He gave me a pen. → I was given a pen by him.

---

2. सिलेबस में यह टॉपिक क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?

Voice change English grammar का वह अध्याय है जिसमें tense, pronoun, verb के तीसरे रूप (V3) और subject-verb agreement, चारों की एक साथ परीक्षा होती है। इसलिए जिस छात्र का Tenses का आधार पक्का है, उसके लिए यह अध्याय सबसे अधिक अंक देने वाला बन जाता है। SSC की परीक्षाओं में "Select the correct passive form of the given sentence" सीधा प्रश्न-प्रकार है; शिक्षक भर्ती परीक्षाओं में नियम और उनके अपवाद पूछे जाते हैं।

परीक्षा उपयोगिता: ★★★★★

• SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS (English Comprehension खंड)
• REET लेवल-1 व लेवल-2 (Language II: English)
• RPSC द्वितीय श्रेणी शिक्षक (English विषय तथा सामान्य अंग्रेज़ी)
• राजस्थान CET (12th व Graduation स्तर) का English भाग
• RRB NTPC और अन्य रेलवे परीक्षाएँ (जहाँ English खंड हो)

प्रश्न कैसे आते हैं?

1. Active वाक्य दिया जाता है और चार passive विकल्पों में से सही चुनना होता है।
2. Passive वाक्य देकर उसका active रूप पूछा जाता है।
3. किस tense का passive नहीं बनता, यह सैद्धांतिक प्रश्न।
4. Imperative, interrogative और modal वाक्यों का passive।
5. "by" के स्थान पर सही preposition (known to, filled with)।
6. Error spotting: "is been", "was wrote", "by he" जैसी भूलें।

---

3. Voice की परिभाषा और Passive बनाने के 5 कदम

Voice verb का वह रूप है जिससे पता चलता है कि subject स्वयं काम कर रहा है या उस पर काम किया जा रहा है। हिंदी में इसे वाच्य कहते हैं: Active = कर्तृवाच्य, Passive = कर्मवाच्य।

Voice	पहचान	उदाहरण	हिंदी भाव
Active Voice	Subject काम करता है; ज़ोर कर्ता पर	The police caught the thief.	पुलिस ने चोर को पकड़ा।
Passive Voice	Subject पर काम होता है; ज़ोर कर्म पर	The thief was caught by the police.	चोर पुलिस द्वारा पकड़ा गया।

Passive बनाने के 5 कदम

1. Object को subject बनाएँ: active का object passive में वाक्य की शुरुआत में जाता है।
2. Tense पहचानें: active के tense के अनुसार 'be' का सही रूप चुनें (is/am/are, was/were, being, been, be)।
3. Main verb का V3 लगाएँ: passive में main verb हमेशा past participle (V3) में रहता है।
4. Helping verb नए subject से मिलाएँ: नया subject singular हो तो is/was/has, plural हो तो are/were/have।
5. by + पुराना subject (object form): I → by me, he → by him, they → by them।

उदाहरण: "She sings songs." → object 'songs' (plural) → Simple Present → are + V3 (sung) → by her → "Songs are sung by her."

Pronoun परिवर्तन तालिका

Subject form (Active में subject)	Object form (Passive में by के बाद)	Object form (Active में object)	Subject form (Passive में subject)
I	by me	me	I
We	by us	us	We
You	by you	you	You
He	by him	him	He
She	by her	her	She
It	by it	it	It
They	by them	them	They
Who	By whom	whom	Who

कुछ ज़रूरी V3 रूप

V1	V2	V3	V1	V2	V3
write	wrote	written	sing	sang	sung
eat	ate	eaten	teach	taught	taught
steal	stole	stolen	break	broke	broken
speak	spoke	spoken	choose	chose	chosen
know	knew	known	see	saw	seen
take	took	taken	give	gave	given
begin	began	begun	show	showed	shown
catch	caught	caught	buy	bought	bought
build	built	built	tear	tore	torn
throw	threw	thrown	draw	drew	drawn
forget	forgot	forgotten	hide	hid	hidden
lay	laid	laid	beat	beat	beaten

---

4. हर Tense का Voice Change (उदाहरण सहित)

Tense	Active	Passive
Simple Present	She writes a letter.	A letter is written by her.
Simple Present (plural object)	He grows vegetables.	Vegetables are grown by him.
Simple Present (negative)	He does not eat meat.	Meat is not eaten by him.
Present Continuous	He is reading a book.	A book is being read by him.
Present Continuous	The cat is chasing the mice.	The mice are being chased by the cat.
Present Perfect	They have finished the work.	The work has been finished by them.
Present Perfect	I have seen the film.	The film has been seen by me.
Present Perfect Continuous	He has been writing a novel.	Passive नहीं बनता
Simple Past	Ram killed a snake.	A snake was killed by Ram.
Simple Past (negative)	She did not invite us.	We were not invited by her.
Past Continuous	She was singing a song.	A song was being sung by her.
Past Perfect	He had posted the letter.	The letter had been posted by him.
Past Perfect Continuous	They had been playing cricket.	Passive नहीं बनता
Simple Future	I will help you.	You will be helped by me.
Simple Future	She will cook food.	Food will be cooked by her.
Future Continuous	He will be watching TV.	Passive नहीं बनता
Future Perfect	They will have built the bridge.	The bridge will have been built by them.
Future Perfect Continuous	She will have been teaching English.	Passive नहीं बनता

चार tense बिना passive के क्यों? इन चारों के passive रूप में "been being" या "be being" जैसा दोहरा be-रूप बनता है ("A novel has been being written"), जो मानक English में स्वीकार्य नहीं माना जाता। इसलिए स्कूली और प्रतियोगी परीक्षा के व्याकरण में इन्हें "No passive" माना जाता है। याद रखें: तीनों Perfect Continuous (Present, Past, Future) + Future Continuous = कुल चार tense।

"be going to" और "used to"

Active	Passive	नियम
I am going to write a letter.	A letter is going to be written by me.	is/am/are going to + be + V3
They were going to sell the house.	The house was going to be sold by them.	was/were going to + be + V3
He used to tell stories.	Stories used to be told by him.	used to + be + V3
I have to do this work.	This work has to be done by me.	has/have to + be + V3
She had to pay the fine.	The fine had to be paid by her.	had to + be + V3

---

5. Interrogative वाक्यों का Passive

(क) Yes/No प्रश्न (Helping verb से शुरू)

नियम: प्रश्न का ढाँचा बना रहता है: Helping verb + नया subject + V3 + by + object? Do / Does / Did passive में हट जाते हैं और tense के अनुसार is/am/are या was/were आ जाते हैं।

Active	Passive
Do you like tea?	Is tea liked by you?
Does he play chess?	Is chess played by him?
Did he write a letter?	Was a letter written by him?
Did they help the poor?	Were the poor helped by them?
Is she cooking food?	Is food being cooked by her?
Were they repairing the road?	Was the road being repaired by them?
Have you finished the work?	Has the work been finished by you?
Had he posted the letters?	Had the letters been posted by him?
Will they finish the work?	Will the work be finished by them?
Can you solve this sum?	Can this sum be solved by you?

(ख) Wh- प्रश्न

नियम: Wh- word (what, why, when, where, how) शुरुआत में ही रहता है। Who (कर्ता) बदलकर By whom बन जाता है। Whom (कर्म) passive में subject बनकर Who बन जाता है।

Active	Passive	बदलाव
Who broke the window?	By whom was the window broken?	Who → By whom
Who is teaching you?	By whom are you being taught?	Who → By whom; you subject बना
Who has done this?	By whom has this been done?	Present Perfect
Whom did you invite?	Who was invited by you?	Whom → Who
What did he say?	What was said by him?	What subject की जगह
What are you doing?	What is being done by you?	Present Continuous
Why did you beat him?	Why was he beaten by you?	Why शुरुआत में ही
When will you return the book?	When will the book be returned by you?	When शुरुआत में ही
Where did you buy this pen?	Where was this pen bought by you?	Where शुरुआत में ही
How do you make tea?	How is tea made by you?	How शुरुआत में ही

---

6. Imperative वाक्यों का Passive

Imperative वाक्य (आदेश, सलाह, निवेदन, निषेध) में subject 'you' छिपा रहता है, इसलिए passive में सामान्यतः "by you" नहीं लिखा जाता।

प्रकार	Active	Passive	नियम
आदेश (object सहित)	Shut the door.	Let the door be shut.	Let + object + be + V3
आदेश	Post the letter.	Let the letter be posted.	Let + object + be + V3
आदेश (pronoun object)	Call him.	Let him be called.	Let के बाद object form (him)
निषेध	Don't insult the poor.	Let the poor not be insulted.	Let + object + not + be + V3
निषेध	Do not touch the wire.	Let the wire not be touched.	Let + object + not + be + V3
निवेदन	Please help me.	You are requested to help me.	You are requested to + V1
निवेदन	Kindly lend me your book.	You are requested to lend me your book.	Please/Kindly हट जाता है
आदेश (object-रहित)	Get out.	You are ordered to get out.	You are ordered to + V1
सलाह	Work hard.	You are advised to work hard.	You are advised to + V1
Let वाला वाक्य	Let him do it.	Let it be done by him.	Let + object + be + V3 + by + agent
Let वाला वाक्य	Let me write a letter.	Let a letter be written by me.	Let + object + be + V3 + by me

पाठ्यपुस्तकों में अंतर: निषेध वाक्य के लिए कुछ पुस्तकें "Let not the wire be touched." लिखती हैं और कुछ "Let the wire not be touched."। आधुनिक पुस्तकें सामान्य आदेश के लिए "The door should be shut." जैसा रूप भी देती हैं। प्रतियोगी परीक्षा के विकल्पों में प्रायः Let वाला एक ही रूप होता है, उसी को चुनें।

---

7. Modals का Passive

सूत्र: Object + modal + be + V3 + by + subject। Modal (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to) अपनी जगह रहता है; उसके बाद हमेशा 'be' आता है।

Modal	Active	Passive
can	We can solve this problem.	This problem can be solved by us.
could	He could not lift the box.	The box could not be lifted by him.
may	He may invite her.	She may be invited by him.
might	They might sell the car.	The car might be sold by them.
must	You must obey the rules.	The rules must be obeyed by you.
should	You should respect your elders.	Your elders should be respected by you.
would	She would help us.	We would be helped by her.
ought to	You ought to help the poor.	The poor ought to be helped by you.
modal + have + V3	He must have taken the money.	The money must have been taken by him.
modal + have + V3	You should have informed the police.	The police should have been informed by you.

---

8. दो Object वाले Verbs (give, tell, show, teach, offer)

कुछ verbs के दो object होते हैं: Indirect object (व्यक्ति, जिसे कुछ दिया जाए) और Direct object (वस्तु)। Passive में दोनों में से कोई भी subject बन सकता है। व्यक्ति वाला object subject बने तो यह अधिक स्वाभाविक माना जाता है; वस्तु वाला object subject बने तो व्यक्ति से पहले प्रायः to लगता है।

Active	Passive 1 (व्यक्ति subject)	Passive 2 (वस्तु subject)
He gave me a book.	I was given a book by him.	A book was given to me by him.
The teacher taught us grammar.	We were taught grammar by the teacher.	Grammar was taught to us by the teacher.
She showed me the way.	I was shown the way by her.	The way was shown to me by her.
Grandmother told us a story.	We were told a story by Grandmother.	A story was told to us by Grandmother.
They offered him a job.	He was offered a job by them.	A job was offered to him by them.
The manager will send you a letter.	You will be sent a letter by the manager.	A letter will be sent to you by the manager.

ध्यान दें: buy, make, get जैसे verbs में वस्तु वाला object subject बनाना अधिक स्वाभाविक है और व्यक्ति से पहले for लगता है: "She bought me a pen." → "A pen was bought for me by her."

Object + Complement वाले Verbs

Active	Passive
They made him captain.	He was made captain by them.
The people elected him President.	He was elected President by the people.
We call him a genius.	He is called a genius by us.
They painted the wall green.	The wall was painted green by them.

---

9. "by" के अलावा दूसरे Prepositions

कुछ verbs के passive में मानक पाठ्यपुस्तक व्याकरण "by" के स्थान पर दूसरा preposition लेता है। आधुनिक प्रयोग में कहीं-कहीं "by" भी दिखता है ("surprised by"), पर परीक्षा में नीचे दिए रूप ही अपेक्षित हैं। Prepositions के विस्तृत नियम Prepositions नोट में देखें।

Verb (V3)	Preposition	Active	Passive
known	to	Everyone knows him.	He is known to everyone.
surprised	at	His behaviour surprised me.	I was surprised at his behaviour.
astonished	at	The result astonished us.	We were astonished at the result.
shocked	at	The news shocked them.	They were shocked at the news.
alarmed	at	The noise alarmed the children.	The children were alarmed at the noise.
filled	with	Water fills the tank.	The tank is filled with water.
pleased	with	Your work pleased me.	I was pleased with your work.
satisfied	with	The result satisfied him.	He was satisfied with the result.
covered	with	Snow covered the hills.	The hills were covered with snow.
crowded	with	People crowded the hall.	The hall was crowded with people.
interested	in	Music interests her.	She is interested in music.
contained	in	This box contains apples.	Apples are contained in this box.
worried	about	His health worries me.	I am worried about his health.
married	to	Ram married Sita.	Sita was married to Ram.

---

10. विशेष स्थितियाँ और अपवाद

(क) Intransitive verb का Passive नहीं

Passive के लिए object चाहिए। जिन verbs का object नहीं होता (sleep, go, come, die, laugh, sit, run, arrive), उनका passive नहीं बनता: "The baby sleeps." "He went home." ("home" यहाँ adverb है, object नहीं।)

(ख) Stative verbs जिनका Passive नहीं बनता

Verb	Active (सही)	गलत Passive
have (स्वामित्व)	He has a car.	✗ A car is had by him.
resemble	She resembles her mother.	✗ Her mother is resembled by her.
lack	He lacks courage.	✗ Courage is lacked by him.
suit	This colour suits you.	✗ You are suited by this colour.

(ग) Prepositional / Phrasal verb में Preposition बना रहता है

Active	Passive
They laughed at the beggar.	The beggar was laughed at by them.
She looks after the child.	The child is looked after by her.
The police are looking into the matter.	The matter is being looked into by the police.
They called off the strike.	The strike was called off by them.
We must send for a doctor.	A doctor must be sent for.

(घ) Agent (by…) कब छोड़ा जाता है

जब कर्ता someone, somebody, people, they (सामान्य लोग), nobody या कोई अज्ञात व्यक्ति हो, या कर्ता स्पष्ट हो, तब passive में "by…" प्रायः नहीं लिखा जाता।

Active	Passive
Someone has stolen my purse.	My purse has been stolen.
People speak English all over the world.	English is spoken all over the world.
They grow rice in Bengal.	Rice is grown in Bengal.
Nobody saw him.	He was not seen by anybody.

(ङ) "They say that…" और "It is…"

Active	Passive 1	Passive 2
They say that he is honest.	It is said that he is honest.	He is said to be honest.
People believe that she is a good doctor.	It is believed that she is a good doctor.	She is believed to be a good doctor.
People think that he is a thief.	It is thought that he is a thief.	He is thought to be a thief.

(च) Infinitive और Gerund

Active	Passive
There is no time to waste.	There is no time to be wasted.
I want you to finish the work.	I want the work to be finished by you.
He hates people laughing at him.	He hates being laughed at.

Quasi-passive: कुछ पुस्तकें "Honey tastes sweet." जैसे वाक्यों को "Honey is sweet when it is tasted." में बदलती हैं। इस रूपांतरण पर पुस्तकों में एकरूपता नहीं है, इसलिए इसे केवल जानकारी के लिए पढ़ें।

---

11. परीक्षा में कौन-सी गलतियाँ होती हैं? (Exam Trap)

Trap 1: "being" और "been" की अदला-बदली

गलत	सही	कारण
A book is been read by him.	A book is being read by him.	Continuous में being
The work has being finished.	The work has been finished.	Perfect में been

Trap 2: नए subject से helping verb का मेल

"He wrote two letters." → "Two letters were written by him." ('Two letters' plural है, इसलिए was नहीं।) "She has bought a car." → "A car has been bought by her." ('A car' singular है।)

Trap 3: V2 और V3 का भ्रम

"A song was sang by her." गलत है; सही है "A song was sung by her." इसी तरह wrote → written, ate → eaten, began → begun, broke → broken।

Trap 4: by के बाद subject form

"by he", "by they", "by I" हमेशा गलत हैं। Preposition के बाद object form आता है: by him, by them, by me।

Trap 5: Do / Does / Did का बने रहना

"Did he write a letter?" का passive "Did a letter written by him?" नहीं, बल्कि "Was a letter written by him?" है। Passive में do-support हट जाता है।

Trap 6: Future Continuous का "passive" विकल्प

"She will be singing a song." के लिए "A song will be being sung by her." जैसा विकल्प दिखे तो समझें कि मानक व्याकरण में यह स्वीकार्य नहीं है। परीक्षा में ऐसे प्रश्न का उत्तर प्रायः "No passive" / "No improvement" जैसा विकल्प होता है।

Trap 7: Phrasal verb का preposition छूटना

"They laughed at him." → "He was laughed at by them." "at" हटाने पर वाक्य का अर्थ बिगड़ जाता है।

Trap 8: Who और Whom

Who (कर्ता) → By whom; Whom (कर्म) → Who। "Whom did you call?" → "Who was called by you?"

Trap 9: Let के बाद pronoun का रूप

"Let he be called." गलत है। Let के बाद object form आता है: "Let him be called."

Trap 10: Tense बदल देना

Voice change में tense नहीं बदलता। "He has broken the glass." (Present Perfect) का passive "The glass was broken by him." (Simple Past) देना गलत है; सही है "The glass has been broken by him."

---

12. Most-Asked रिवीज़न तालिका (50 वाक्य)

क्र.	Active	Passive
1	He teaches English.	English is taught by him.
2	They play football.	Football is played by them.
3	I love my parents.	My parents are loved by me.
4	She does not like coffee.	Coffee is not liked by her.
5	The boy is flying a kite.	A kite is being flown by the boy.
6	We are watching a match.	A match is being watched by us.
7	Mother is cooking rice.	Rice is being cooked by Mother.
8	He has broken the glass.	The glass has been broken by him.
9	They have won the match.	The match has been won by them.
10	She has not seen the Taj.	The Taj has not been seen by her.
11	The dog bit the child.	The child was bitten by the dog.
12	Columbus discovered America.	America was discovered by Columbus.
13	He wrote two letters.	Two letters were written by him.
14	They were building a house.	A house was being built by them.
15	The gardener was watering the plants.	The plants were being watered by the gardener.
16	She had cooked the food.	The food had been cooked by her.
17	The thieves had stolen the jewels.	The jewels had been stolen by the thieves.
18	I shall write a letter.	A letter will be written by me.
19	They will open a school.	A school will be opened by them.
20	He will have finished the work.	The work will have been finished by him.
21	Do you know him?	Is he known to you?
22	Did she sing a song?	Was a song sung by her?
23	Is he writing a story?	Is a story being written by him?
24	Have they cleaned the room?	Has the room been cleaned by them?
25	Who wrote the Ramayana?	By whom was the Ramayana written?
26	Who is calling me?	By whom am I being called?
27	Whom did they punish?	Who was punished by them?
28	What did you buy?	What was bought by you?
29	Why did he scold you?	Why were you scolded by him?
30	Where will you keep the books?	Where will the books be kept by you?
31	Open the window.	Let the window be opened.
32	Bring a glass of water.	Let a glass of water be brought.
33	Do not waste time.	Let time not be wasted.
34	Please give me a pen.	You are requested to give me a pen.
35	Let her sing a song.	Let a song be sung by her.
36	You can do it.	It can be done by you.
37	We must keep promises.	Promises must be kept by us.
38	You should not tell lies.	Lies should not be told by you.
39	They may postpone the meeting.	The meeting may be postponed by them.
40	He gave her a gift.	She was given a gift by him.
41	The principal awarded him a prize.	He was awarded a prize by the principal.
42	Everybody knows Gandhiji.	Gandhiji is known to everybody.
43	Milk fills the jug.	The jug is filled with milk.
44	His success pleased his parents.	His parents were pleased with his success.
45	Someone has picked my pocket.	My pocket has been picked.
46	They speak Hindi in Rajasthan.	Hindi is spoken in Rajasthan.
47	The children laughed at the joker.	The joker was laughed at by the children.
48	They elected him leader.	He was elected leader by them.
49	They say that the house is haunted.	It is said that the house is haunted.
50	He has been reading a book.	Passive नहीं बनता (Present Perfect Continuous)

---

13. परीक्षा में यह टॉपिक कैसे पूछा जाता है

Voice के प्रश्न प्रायः पाँच ढाँचों में आते हैं। हर ढाँचे के लिए एक नमूना (स्वयं बनाया गया) प्रश्न:

1. Active से Passive: "Select the correct passive form: The peon has rung the bell." (उत्तर: The bell has been rung by the peon.)
2. Passive से Active: "Select the active form: The thief was caught by the police." (उत्तर: The police caught the thief.)
3. Imperative: "Change the voice: Switch off the fan." (उत्तर: Let the fan be switched off.)
4. Interrogative: "Change the voice: Who taught you French?" (उत्तर: By whom were you taught French?)
5. सैद्धांतिक / Preposition: "किस tense का passive नहीं बनता: Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Continuous, Future Perfect?" (उत्तर: Future Continuous) अथवा "The news is known ___ all." (उत्तर: to)

रणनीति: विकल्प देखने से पहले तीन चीज़ें तय कर लें: (1) tense, (2) नया subject singular है या plural, (3) V3 का सही रूप। इन तीनों पर खरा उतरने वाला विकल्प प्रायः एक ही बचता है। SSC स्तर के मिश्रित अभ्यास के लिए SSC CGL टेस्ट सीरीज़ 2026 देखें।

---

14. इसे आसानी से याद कैसे रखें?

1. Continuous = Being, Perfect = Been: "ing वाला tense being लेगा, have/has/had वाला been लेगा।"

2. चार बिना passive: "तीनों Perfect Continuous + Future Continuous" = PPC, PaPC, FPC, FC। सूत्र: "जहाँ been और being दोनों आएँ, वहाँ passive नहीं।"

3. OBV-B सूत्र: Object + Be + V3 + By + subject।

4. Let सूत्र: "Let + Object + Be + V3" को "LOBV" याद रखें।

5. Who का उलटा: "Who करता है, तो By whom; Whom सहता है, तो Who।"

6. Modal सूत्र: "Modal के बाद हमेशा be, फिर V3": can be done, must be obeyed, should be respected।

7. Preposition सूत्र: "Known to, Filled with, Surprised at, Interested in": "टू-विद-एट-इन"।

---

15. कथन अभ्यास

Simple Present के passive में is/am/are + V3 लगता है। — सही।

Present Continuous के passive में "is been + V3" लगता है। — गलत (is/am/are + being + V3)।

Future Continuous का passive मानक व्याकरण में नहीं बनता। — सही।

Future Perfect का passive नहीं बनता। — गलत (will have been + V3, जैसे "The bridge will have been built.")।

"Open the door." का passive "Let the door be opened." है। — सही।

"Who broke the glass?" का passive "Who was the glass broken by him?" है। — गलत ("By whom was the glass broken?")।

Modal के passive में modal + be + V3 लगता है। — सही।

Intransitive verb का passive बनता है। — गलत (object न होने से passive नहीं बनता)।

"Everyone knows him." का passive "He is known to everyone." है। — सही।

Voice change में वाक्य का tense बदल जाता है। — गलत (tense वही रहता है, केवल be-रूप बदलता है)।

"He has a car." का passive नहीं बनता। — सही (have = स्वामित्व, stative verb)।

"They laughed at him." के passive में "at" हटा दिया जाता है। — गलत ("He was laughed at by them.")।

---

16. एक दिन पहले — 14 रेखाएँ

1. Passive = Object + be + V3 + by + subject (object form)
2. Present: is/am/are + V3; Past: was/were + V3; Future: will/shall be + V3
3. Continuous में being: is being done, was being done
4. Perfect में been: has been done, had been done, will have been done
5. No passive: तीनों Perfect Continuous और Future Continuous
6. Helping verb नए subject से मिलाएँ (letters were, a letter was)
7. by के बाद me, us, you, him, her, it, them
8. Imperative: Let + object + be + V3; निषेध में not be
9. Request: You are requested to + V1
10. Do/Does/Did passive में हटते हैं; is/was आता है
11. Who → By whom; Whom → Who
12. Modal + be + V3; modal + have + V3 → modal + have been + V3
13. known to, surprised at, filled with, pleased with, interested in
14. Intransitive verbs और have (स्वामित्व), resemble, lack का passive नहीं

---

17. अभ्यास

नीचे दिए 25 प्रश्नों का क्विज़ हल करें। हर प्रश्न में पहले tense पहचानें, फिर नया subject और V3 तय करें, तब विकल्प देखें। Voice के साथ Direct-Indirect Speech भी इसी क्रम में दोहराएँ, क्योंकि दोनों अध्यायों में tense की पहचान ही मूल कौशल है। CHSL स्तर के पूर्ण अभ्यास के लिए SSC CHSL टेस्ट सीरीज़ 2026 हल करें।

---

18. निष्कर्ष: परीक्षा के लिए क्या याद रखें?

Active-Passive Voice रटने का नहीं, ढाँचा पहचानने का अध्याय है। हर tense में केवल 'be' का रूप बदलता है और main verb हमेशा V3 रहता है। Continuous में being, Perfect में been, और जहाँ दोनों एक साथ आएँ वहाँ passive नहीं बनता। Imperative में Let, request में "You are requested to", modal में "modal + be + V3", और Who वाले प्रश्न में "By whom" याद रखें। Preposition वाले अपवाद (known to, filled with, surprised at) और intransitive / stative verbs के नियम ही अधिकतर पेचीदा प्रश्नों का उत्तर हैं। 50 वाक्यों की तालिका को रोज़ एक बार दोहराएँ।

Object + be + V3 + by + subject | Continuous = being, Perfect = been | 4 tense बिना passive | Let + O + be + V3 | Who → By whom | modal + be + V3 | known to, filled with, surprised at

---